Hamlet and the Yellow Wallpaper - 1002 Words

The Nature of Insanity in â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† and â€Å"Hamlet† There are many different events in a person’s life that could lead them to insanity. In Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† you are dealing with a woman who is a victim of male over-protectiveness and isolation that eventually leads to her insanity. In William Shakespeare’s â€Å"Hamlet† you are dealing with a man who has to deal with his father’s death and rejection from the love of his life that eventually leads him to a form of insanity. Each character handles their situations differently, but it could have gone the other way had they chose to make different decisions. In â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, a woman suffers from a nervous condition and is taken to a†¦show more content†¦She has to tear off all of the wallpaper to free the woman, which in turn will free her. â€Å"I wasn’t along a bit! As soon as it was moonlight and that poor thing began to crawl and shake the pattern, I got up and ran to help her. I pulled and she shook. I shook and she pulled, and before morning we had peeled off yards of the paper† (416). She is becoming obsessed with the wallpaper, and it is now beginning to consume her. She moves slowly into her insanity, and separates herself from the observation of others. In the end, â€Å"I’ve got out at last . . . And I’ve pulled off most of the paper, so you can’t put me back† (417). Hamlet, the Prince of Denmark, begins as an admired and noble young man. However, fate and the turn of events lead the tragic hero the depths of his fortunes. The tragedy starts with the death of the heroic King Hamlet. His brother, Claudius is the successor as King of Denmark and married the protagonist’s mother. When a ghost of the late King Hamlet appears, Hamlet’s downfall begins. The ghost explains to Hamlet that Claudiu s killed his father â€Å"upon my secure hour thy uncle stole with juice of cursed hebona in a vial, and in the porches of my ears did pour the leperous distilment, whose effect holds such an enmity with blood of man† (1001). Hamlet then feels like he must get revenge against Claudius and sets out to plot how it will happen. King Claudius senses something suspicious about Hamlet and sends for Hamlet’s twoShow MoreRelatedEssay on Existentialism in Unknown Places1409 Words   |  6 Pagesand do for themselves only. They believe that to understand what it means to be human requires understanding of themselves first. Some very well known pieces of entertainment existentialism is found in are: Hamlet by William Shakespeare, The Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka, â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, The Stranger by Albert Camus, and The Breakfast Club by John Hughes. 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The short story The Chrysanthemums gives insight into the life of its author; John Steinbeck was born on February 27, 1902, in SalinasRead More Universality and the Particular1615 Words   |  7 Pagesemotion from the particular human emotions of the poet, he implicitly states that there is a universality to that abstracted emotion, even if he does limit his audience somewhat in â€Å"The Impersonality of Poetry.† He goes further than that in his essay â€Å"Hamlet and His Problems† with the idea of the â€Å"objective correlative† (183). 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Allusion An indirect reference to some character or event in literature, history or mythology that enriches the meaning of the passage: In Eliot’s poem, The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock, the persona says: â€Å"No! I am not Prince Hamlet, nor was meant to be†, suggesting that he lacks Hamlet’s nobility. Anachronism A person or thing that is chronically out of place. Anapest A foot of two unaccented syllables followed by an accented one. Animism A poetic figure of speech in

Review for Exam 3 Essay - 939 Words

TRUE-FALSE QUESTIONS 1. In a criminal trial, the defendant must be proven guilty by a preponderance of the evidence or beyond a reasonable doubt? True 2. A preliminary hearing requires the prosecutor to present probable cause that the defendant committed the crime or requires that bond be set? 3. A misdemeanor or felony is a crime punishable by a fine or a jail sentence of less than one year? 4. Evidence illegally obtained by the police in violation of the Fourth Amendment will be excluded from trial whether or not the police acted in good faith? True 5. The Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO) was originally designed to combat corporate crime? (Hint: No, organized crime†¦) False 6. General partners or Limited†¦show more content†¦Know which of the following statements is not true regarding the characteristics of a general partnership? A. No minimum amount of capital is required. B. The partners must share in profits. C. There must be a written partnership agreement. D. It may acquire property in its own name. 31. Know that a partnership agreement usually includes, the division of profits and losses between the partners, partnership salaries or withdrawals, the duties of the partners, all the responses are correct. 32. Know that civil and criminal claims are not mutually exclusive. 33. Review Embezzlement. 34. Review Double Jeopardy. 35. Know that res ipsa loquitur would describe negligence where a post operative x-ray showed a surgical sponge in your stomach. 36. Know the elements of a tort: Duty, Breach, Damages and Causation. 37. In negligence cases, Defendants are generally held to the standard of a reasonable person. 38. Which of the following describes when an employer is held vicariously liable for the torts of the â€Å"servant† or employee if the employee was acting within the scope of his or her employment? A. Worker liability B. Responder liability C. master/servant liability D. 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You will earn four (4) scores: three exam scores and one quiz score (based upon the sum of points earned on quizzes throughout the semester). Each student’s lowest score will be automatically dropped, and the remaining three (3) scoresRead MoreInternet Forum and Discussion Board Forums1224 Words   |  5 Pages D. Journal Article Reviews (2) The student will complete 2 reviews of articles from the list provided. Each review must be at least 3–5 double-spaced pages in length, excluding the title and reference pages (the reference page citing only the article being reviewed). The assignments will include a summary, a personal response to the article, and an application for how the information provided can be used in a clinical or church setting. 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During the January 2014 to September 1, 2015 timeframe, the AICPA used a number of focus groups, which included supervisors of newly-licensed CPAs, practicing CPAs, and boards of accountancy members. TheseRead Moreuna‚Äà ²ÃƒÅ Ãƒ ²ÃƒËœ1561 Words   |  7 Pagesof Readings for College English Online. ISBN 017641579-3 A good quality English-language dictionary such as the Oxford Canadian Dictionary A good quality thesaurus (optional but strongly recommended) A folder/portfolio to keep all work throughout the semester Grading/Assignments â€Å"Pop† Reading Quizzes or Group Work 10% Citation Assignment 5% Essay 1 10% Essay 2 15% Essay 3 20% Research Assignment 15% Exam 25% Note: Use of internet, cell phones and otherRead MoreNt1210 Final1163 Words   |  5 PagesNT1210 FINAL EXAM EBOOK INSTITUTE DECEMBER 11, 2014 Nt1210 Final Exam eBook Institute NT1210 FINAL EXAM DOWNLOAD: NT1210 FINAL EXAM Getting Nt1210 Final Exam is easy and simple. Mostly you need to spend much time to search on search engine and doesnt get Nt1210 Final Exam documents that you need. We are here to serve you, so you can easily access, read and download its. No need to wasting time to lookup on another place to get Nt1210 Final Exam. We provide you Nt1210 Final Exam in PDF format

Primary Education Post Plowden Legacy Essay Example For Students

Primary Education Post Plowden Legacy Essay The task assigned was to read all six chapters provided, select one and produce a critique on the subject matter. The chapter selected was number six which analysed pupils and work. Firstly I wish to briefly summarise the entire chapter, highlighting the areas which I considered to be the most important, these areas will then be examined in depth and their merits or shortcomings discussed. Firstly a summary of the chapter is needed to put into context the areas that will be discussed later. The whole chapter can be split into two main areas of iscourse:- relationships and work and negotiation. As there has been little research into pupils approaches to schoolwork, the authors chief concern is that of the pupils perceptions of , and approaches to, schoolwork, and the first point s/he makes is that there are differences between teachers and pupils ideas of what constitutes worthwhile work. The author sets out to define the meaning of work and in doing so draws our attention to differences between pleasurable work and labour. Workmanship, it is argued, has been replaced by unskilled labour and people now work as a eans to an end seeking enjoyment through other avenues such as hobbies and recreation. Teaching methods and school ethos in general are seen as outmoded and alien to the cultural and social influences on pupils. Therefore, there is greater responsibility on the teacher to make work seem more utilitarian and attractive. Research revealed that many pupils felt that work was pointless and invalid unless it was undertaken in preparation for forthcoming exams. However, work that may be deemed pointless or onerous by both sets of pupils (exam and non- xam) could be given validity by the teaching strategy employed. Pupils seemed to be more concerned with the status of the work and their personal relationship with the teacher, therefore the pupil reaction to any given task depended heavily on these two criteria. It is identified that pupil-teacher relationships are extremely important and they contain many concealed aspects which will be discussed in Part 1. A prevalent feature of pupil-teacher relationships is the negotiation that takes place and teachers will offer incentives to pupils in order to encourage the process of work. It is interesting to look at the way in which teachers can utilise their experience and maturity to manipulate or cajole pupils into performing a given task, and this will be examined in Part 2. PART 1 RELATIONSHIPS WORK The first key issue in this chapter that I wish to examine is that of pupil relationships with teachers, and how they affect classroom behaviour and the amount of work produced. I mentioned earlier that because of deep-rooted cultural influences many adults regard work to hold little or no satisfaction, and this notion permeates through to their children. This notion combined with pupils own perception of themselves as having to be forced to work creates an arduous environment for the teacher. However, it must be said that work that is found unpleasurable to pupils is often that of the purely academic type which does not permit any creative license. Although academic work is of far more value, teachers often find themselves having to offer incentives or punishment in order to motivate pupils whereas the work with little or no academic value is seen, generally, as enjoyable i. games and arts. The author places great emphasis on trust. S/he asserts that many children cannot foresee the long-term advantages of doing work in schools and that many simply believe or disbelieve the teacher when s/he says it will be of benefit.. The point made may be valid but perhaps only in primary schools. I propose that in todays secondary school this idea has very little bearing and children are now more acutely aware than ever before of social and econo mic factors that dictate the need to do well in school. .u0beb55ae37bf6b4b671545ee5f5589d1 , .u0beb55ae37bf6b4b671545ee5f5589d1 .postImageUrl , .u0beb55ae37bf6b4b671545ee5f5589d1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0beb55ae37bf6b4b671545ee5f5589d1 , .u0beb55ae37bf6b4b671545ee5f5589d1:hover , .u0beb55ae37bf6b4b671545ee5f5589d1:visited , .u0beb55ae37bf6b4b671545ee5f5589d1:active { border:0!important; } .u0beb55ae37bf6b4b671545ee5f5589d1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0beb55ae37bf6b4b671545ee5f5589d1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0beb55ae37bf6b4b671545ee5f5589d1:active , .u0beb55ae37bf6b4b671545ee5f5589d1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0beb55ae37bf6b4b671545ee5f5589d1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0beb55ae37bf6b4b671545ee5f5589d1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0beb55ae37bf6b4b671545ee5f5589d1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0beb55ae37bf6b4b671545ee5f5589d1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0beb55ae37bf6b4b671545ee5f5589d1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0beb55ae37bf6b4b671545ee5f5589d1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0beb55ae37bf6b4b671545ee5f5589d1 .u0beb55ae37bf6b4b671545ee5f5589d1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0beb55ae37bf6b4b671545ee5f5589d1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Homelessness EssayIn some respects certain aspects of the authors argument are negated, those pupils who can foresee the need to do well ave their own motivation, and negotiation and relationships are less important. Having said that, to those pupils who do not possess such foresight the building up of relationships and the constant negotiation processes are an essential part of their schooling. Anecdotal evidence as well as secondary research support the idea that pupils work better for those teachers they actually like. Whether a teacher is liked or disliked by his pupils is dependant upon many factors. For instance the teachers personal outlook does s/he even want to be liked? , do s/he care? are they simply interested in meeting targets? If the teachers personal motivation is lacklustre then how are pupils to be motivated? Ideally, teachers would be able to identify the different levels of motivation among their pupils and build relationships accordingly. This, however, is not a realistic goal and much valuable class time can be spent chastising, persuading and offering incentives. Of course there is a danger that a teacher may become too preoccupied with the establishment of relationships and other areas such discipline may be ignored. The points above are interesting but we are chiefly concerned with those teachers who are motivated and use negotiation as a means of encouraging pupils to work, and I now wish to look at these negotiation processes in a little more depth. PART 2 WORK NEGOTIATION One of the most interesting points made in the chapter is that of the collusion often formed by teachers and pupils against a higher authority, this higher authority could be the headmaster for instance. This type of collusion could be of extreme value to teachers in forming relationships and as a way of getting upils on side, as well as relinquishing any responsibility for the type of work and the amount required. With the majority of the blame lying at the feet of a higher authority the teacher could begin to build a system of almost conspiratory negotiation based on reciprocity you scratch my back and Ill scratch yours. Let us look at the authors idea of negotiation. Firstly s/he identifies four experiences that typified the pupils in his/her study school. The four categories are thus;- hard work, open negotiation, closed negotiation and work avoidance. The two extremes of the categories are self-explanatory, hard work being total pupil commitment and work avoidance being not only a total lack of commitment, but also a conscious and resourceful effort to avoid participating in any school work Most pupils are to be found in the two middle categories of open and closed negotiation and as such teachers must become keen negotiators if they are to succeed. It should be pointed out that control must be the predominant feature within negotiation teachers must dictate the concessions that are to be made. The authors open negotiation idea consists of the teacher and pupils making certain concessions, and is dependant to a large extent on mutual goodwill and a congenial atmosphere within the classroom. It is an activity in which both pupil and teacher participate and each party bargains for what they perceive to be the better deal. The basic idea being that a teacher will permit a certain amount of digression in return for a certain amount of work, and the class hold the general consensus that this is acceptable. I have used the word general because in the next paragraph I wish to look at hose pupils who do not subscribe to the general consensus and are typified as closed negotiation pupils. Another interesting point made was that a predominant feature in those teachers who were more liked by their pupils was the fact that they often included games into the work. .ua0bf6db7c1739b6aa56dafb5015f51c8 , .ua0bf6db7c1739b6aa56dafb5015f51c8 .postImageUrl , .ua0bf6db7c1739b6aa56dafb5015f51c8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua0bf6db7c1739b6aa56dafb5015f51c8 , .ua0bf6db7c1739b6aa56dafb5015f51c8:hover , .ua0bf6db7c1739b6aa56dafb5015f51c8:visited , .ua0bf6db7c1739b6aa56dafb5015f51c8:active { border:0!important; } .ua0bf6db7c1739b6aa56dafb5015f51c8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua0bf6db7c1739b6aa56dafb5015f51c8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua0bf6db7c1739b6aa56dafb5015f51c8:active , .ua0bf6db7c1739b6aa56dafb5015f51c8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua0bf6db7c1739b6aa56dafb5015f51c8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua0bf6db7c1739b6aa56dafb5015f51c8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua0bf6db7c1739b6aa56dafb5015f51c8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua0bf6db7c1739b6aa56dafb5015f51c8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua0bf6db7c1739b6aa56dafb5015f51c8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua0bf6db7c1739b6aa56dafb5015f51c8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua0bf6db7c1739b6aa56dafb5015f51c8 .ua0bf6db7c1739b6aa56dafb5015f51c8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua0bf6db7c1739b6aa56dafb5015f51c8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Travelling EssayThe author concludes that games humanised the work and made it vastly more enjoyable. In a perfect world teacher and pupil would be in complete harmony and all decisions made about the type and amount of work to be done would be completely unanimous. However, in reality a teacher who uses negotiation must submit to he general consensus. What, then, of the pupils who have not concurred with the general consensus but are still forced to go along with it? The author typifies these pupils as being in the closed negotiation category. This category of pupils will flourish further if the teacher is not prepared to negotiate, and within this teacher dictated atmosphere the counter-productive and unruly element of pupils will come into being. CONCLUSION By drawing together the main points made in this critique it is apparent that pupils perceptions of the validity of the work they are undertaking is of aramount importance. Teachers must strive to make work less alien and more relevant to the pupils social perspective and this can be achieved in several ways. Collusion, as well as a system of negotiation and concessions could be used in order to overcome pupils natural recalcitrance. Teachers must care enough to become diagnosticians of their classes on the whole as well as identifying individual pupil needs. Of course the needs of the many outweigh the needs of the few, but if teachers understand the needs of the few it will empower them in the negotiation process.

My Pet Essays - Anthrozoology, Pet, Pets, Turtle,

My Pet Would you like to live a happy and productive life? Then get pets! I must admit it is hard to believe that domesticated animals can promote mental and physical health, but many studies have shown that they can. On the other hand, you must find a pet that is compatible with you or with your life style. Maintaining good mental health is crucial for living a normal life. Many psychiatrists have found that patients with anger management problems can be calmer with a pet around the house. Sometimes, just the feel of a pet in the house can do wonders on the nerves and eliminate certain aggravation. I have found that having multiple pets around can be difficult, but with the hard work comes satisfaction and happiness. Personally, I own two turtles, one dog and one fish; my two turtles are in one tank, so they have company! In my fish tank, there is a predatory fish, which would endanger any other fish if I put more in the tank. Separating animals that could do harm to each other is a good method for ensuring their safety. In addition, you must remember to spend an equal amount of time with your pets even your fish, so one pet does not get jealous of the other. Many give their beloved companions names such as people Stanley, Buddy, and Mikey. By giving pets human names people feel more connected and comfortable around their animal friends. My dogs name is Bishop, my two turtles names are Squirmy and Mojo and my fishs name is Mr. Fish. My roommate named the dog and I named the fish because of the way they are Mojo because hes the bigger one and Squirmy because he can never stay still longer than a few seconds. I named my fish Mr. Fish because I couldnt really think of a good name for him. People some times are extremely attached to their pets; many cater to their every whim. Some people even bring their dogs and cats to pet manicurists and stylists to pamper their pets. This obsession with their pets can lead to deep seeded pain and anguish when a pet passes on. I can defenatly agree with that even if its not death and its a disappearance of an animal. Like the second day I had my turtles one escaped around 3 am in the morning and I was looking very hard for my turtle thinking of only the horrible things that could have happened to him like the dog eating him or my roommate accidentally stepping on him. It took me a couple of hours but I eventually found my turtle and it was a terrible feeling just looking for him unsure of what had happened to him. Unfortunately the reality of a pet dying is all too genuine with today's high ways and increasingly busy streets can spell certain doom for our four legged chums. Animals help their owners every day to live their lives a bit easier. I also agree that animals As well as providing, relieve from they give an unsurpassed amount of enjoyment and love. Many people say that animals can not love or truly understand our feelings just because they are not classified as humans and do not express themselves in ways that we can not comprehend. Unfortunately people over look the fact that humans are animals like any other but that have been blessed with an understandable means of communication .I hope if you are a disbeliever in the factual intelligence of animals that this essay changed your perspective. In addition, remember that people are animals too! Creative Writing

Essay on Chapeter 5 vocab Jesus Christ

Essay on Chapeter 5 vocab Jesus Christ Essay on Chapeter 5 vocab Jesus Christ Judges In ancient Israel, judges were those who acted as temporary military leaders, as well as arbiters of disputes within and between tribes. Judges were also expected to remind the people of their responsibility to God Apostasy The denial of god and the repudiation of faith Ephod Typically in the old testament an Ephod was a vestment worn by hebrew priest; however in the example connected with Gideon, an ephod was likely an idol fashioned to worship as a false god Kingdom of Israel The name of the northern kingdom that split with Judah after the death of Solomon. This revolt involved people and territory from ten to twelve tribes Kingdom of Judah The name of the southern kingdom after splitting of the monarchy. It included the territory originally belonging to just two of the twelve tribes, Judah and Benjamin Lost tribes of Israel The term refers to the ten tribes from the northern kingdom that disappeared from history after being enslaved and exiled by the Assyrians Servant Songs The name for four distinct poems accredited to Second Isaiah that deal with a specific individual, â€Å"the servant†, whom God would use to usher in a glorious future Synagogues Meeting places for study and prayer introduced by the Pharisees to foster study of the Law and adherence to the covenant code Samaritans Descendants of a mixed population of Israelites who survived the Assyrian deportations and various pagan settlers imported after the northern kingdom fell.They worshiped YHWH on Mt. Gerizim but only considered the

Praseodymium Facts - Element 59

Praseodymium Facts - Element 59 Praseodymium is element 59 on the periodic table with the element symbol Pr. Its one of the rare earth metals or lanthanides. Here is a collection of interesting facts about praseodymium, including its history, properties, uses, and sources. Praseodymium was discovered by Swedish chemist Carl Mosander in 1841, but he did not purify it. He was working on rare earth samples, which contain elements with such similar properties they are extremely hard to separate from each other. From a crude cerium nitrate sample, he isolated an oxide he called lantana, which was lanthanum oxide. Lantana turned out to be a mixture of oxides. One fraction was a pink fraction he called didymium. Per Teodor Cleve (1874) and Lecoq de Boisbaudran (1879) determined didymium was a mixture of elements. In 1885, Austrian chemist Carl von Welsbach separated didymium into praseodymium and neodymium. Credit for the official discovery and isolation of element 59 is generally given to von Welsbach.Praseodymium gets it name from the Greek words prasios, which means green, and didymos, which means twin. The twin part refers to the element being the twin of neodymium in didymium, while green refers to the color of the salt isolated by von Welsbach. Praseody mium forms Pr(III) cations, which are yellowish green in water and glass. In addition to the 3 oxidation state, Pr also occurs in 2, 4, and (unique for a lanthanide) 5. Only the 3 state occurs in aqueous solutions.Praseodymium is a soft silver-colored metal that develops a green oxide coating in air. This coating peels or spalls off, exposing fresh metal to oxidation. To prevent degradation, pure praseodymium is typically stored under a protective atmosphere or in oil.Element 59 is highly malleable and ductile. Praseodymium is unusual in that it is paramagnetic at all temperatures above 1 K. Other rare earth metals are ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic at low temperatures.Natural praseodymium consists of one stable isotope, praseodymium-141. 38 radioisotopes are known, the most stable being Pr-143, which has a half-life of 13.57 days. Praseodymium isotopes range from mass number 121 to 159. 15 nuclear isomers are also known.Praseodymium occurs naturally in the Earths crust at an abundance of 9.5 parts per million. It accounts for about 5% of the lanthanid es found in the minerals monazite and bastnasite. Seawater contains 1 part per trillion of Pr. Essentially no praseodymium is found in the Earths atmosphere. The rare earth elements have many uses in modern society and are considered extremely valuable. Pr gives a yellow color to glass and enamel. Around 5% of mischmetal consists of praseodymium. The element is used with other rare earths to make carbon arc lights. It colors cubic zirconia yellow-green and may be added to simulated gemstones to mimic peridot. Modern firesteel contains about 4% praseodymium. Didymium, which contains Pr, is used to make glass for protective eyewear for welders and glass blowers. Pr is alloyed with other metals to made powerful rare earth magnets, high strength metals, and magnetocaloric materials. Element 59 is used as a doping agent to make fiber optic amplifiers and to slow light pulses. Praseodymium oxide is an important oxidation catalyst.Praseodymium serves no known biological function. Like other rare earth elements, Pr exhibits low to moderate toxicity to organisms. Praseodymium Element Data Element Name: Praseodymium Element Symbol: Pr Atomic Number: 59 Element Group: f-block element, lanthanide or rare earth Element Period: period 6 Atomic Weight:  140.90766(2) Discovery: Carl Auer von Welsbach (1885) Electron Configuration: [Xe] 4f3  6s2 Melting Point:  1208  K  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹(935  Ã‚ °C, ​1715  Ã‚ °F) Boiling Point:  3403  K ​(3130  Ã‚ °C, ​5666  Ã‚ °F) Density:  6.77  g/cm3 (near room temperature) Phase: solid Heat of Fusion: 6.89 kJ/mol Heat of Vaporization:  331  kJ/mol Molar Heat Capacity:  27.20  J/(mol ·K) Magnetic Ordering: paramagnetic Oxidation States:  5, 4,  3, 2 Electronegativity:  Pauling  scale: 1.13 Ionization Energies: 1st:  527  kJ/mol2nd:  1020  kJ/mol3rd:  2086  kJ/mol Atomic Radius: 182 picometers Crystal Structure: double hexagonal close-packed or DHCP References Weast, Robert (1984).  CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp.  E110.Emsley, John (2011). Natures Building Blocks: An A-Z Guide to the Elements. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-960563-7.Gschneidner, K.A., and Eyring, L., Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths, North Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam, 1978.Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 0-08-037941-9.R. J. Callow,  The Industrial Chemistry of the Lanthanons, Yttrium, Thorium and Uranium, Pergamon Press, 1967.

Thermoplastic Copolyester nancomposites for biomedical applications Research Proposal

Thermoplastic Copolyester nancomposites for biomedical applications - Research Proposal Example Nanocomposites comprise a broad class of new materials that can combine the properties of bulk phase materials with nano-dimensional phase materials. The application of these materials to biomedical devices is a subject of intense research, providing an opportunity for researchers to develop and exploit the properties of new materials to achieve markedly different catalytic, mechanical, thermal, electrochemical, optical, and electrical properties from the component materials that may be useful in the development of contemporary medical devices and drug delivery systems. Copolyester thermoplastic elastomers combine the chemical and material properties of chemically crosslinked elastomers with engineered plastics, which are often much easier and affordable to manufacture. These materials consist of multiple domains, instead of the single domain found in polyesters, and are commonly referred to as â€Å"hard† and â€Å"soft† blocks (Cella, 1973, p.727). ... These materials combine the strength and processing characteristics available to engineered plastics with the performance abilities of thermoset elastomers, with the additional benefit of attaining optimal properties without vulcanization, a factor that can significantly reduce part cost (DSM 2011, p.2). Copolyesters, like polyesters, are polymers assembled from diacids and diols whose type may be varied in order to achieve certain material properties. Copolyesters, however, contain multiple distinct monomers (Jaarsma 2004, p.1). These materials have both excellent mechanical properties that duplicate rubber and leather at a fraction of the cost, making the materials commercially interesting for a broad variety of applications (Dupont 2011, p.2-3). Relative to other available elastomers, copolymer elastomer materials offer the most consistent performance over a range of temperatures, with little variation in properties at either extremely high or low temperatures (DSM 2011, p.2). Thi s is a property particularly useful in the sterilization of medical devices, which often involves extreme temperature ranges. In order to be useful for biomedical applications, the most important material property is to withstand repeat sterilization processes that may involve gamma irradiation, high temperatures, electron beams, and ethylene oxide (EtO) treatments. In addition, a material must show excellent chemical resistance, toughness, clarity, and color stability in order to be effectively applied to biomedical applications (Jaarsma 2004, p.1). Achieving an effective biomedical nanocomposite material that fits these stringent criteria

Stem Cell Research - Stem cell research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Stem Cell Research - Stem cell research - Essay Example There are a number of sources for obtaining human stem cells. The first is IVF (In Vitro Fertilization) treatment, where surplus embryos (and unfertilized eggs for creating embryos) are donated for research with the consent of the donor rather than being destroyed following treatment. The second source is aborted tissues, which are used as stem cells taken from the aborted foetus. Another is umbilical cord blood, rich in stem cells. These cells are harvested following the baby's birth. The most controversial is perhaps therapeutic cloning, where cells are created for research that is genetically identical to the donor (patient). This is done by removing the nucleus of an egg and fusing this egg with any enucleated cell from the donor. This will create an embryo genetically identical to the donor. Cells can then be harvested from this embryo for treatment. Being an exact replica, there is potentially less chance of rejection following transplantation. The US President's Council on Bioethics recently published a whole white paper on Alternate Sources of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells (www.bioethics.gov). Sometimes these cells could be taken from the recipient patients themselves, avoiding any immune-rejection difficulties. At other times they are taken from donors. There are even proposals to create new non-embryonic organisms which can produce human stem-cells. What all these 'adult' stem-cells have in common is that they are derived from people without harming anyone. Umbilical cord blood, the placenta and even the amniotic fluid have in fact been found to be rich in stem-cells (McGuckin et al 245-255). Stem-cells have also been found in all the tissues found in our bodies such as the brain, pancreas, liver, skin, fat, muscle, blood, bone marrow, lungs, nose and tooth pulp. There is substantial opposition from various religious groups on the ethical issues. One of the most important concerns is that embryonic stem-cells are taken from human embryos. It basically involves killing the embryos which is destined to become a complete human being if it is allowed to. These embryos are taken in the very early stages of their development and hence are very small, having only developed to the stage of 120 cells or so since their creation by IVF or, more recently, by cloning. They are still young-approximately 5 to 6 days old-and grown in a culture in some Petri dish; they might even be a few years old, having been stored in some freezer soon after their manufacture (Fisher 2005). The main area of controversy surrounding this research arises from the harvesting of cells for research. The most flexible stem cells are obtained from embryos owing to their ability to become any type of tissue cell in the body. In fact it is a proven fact that adult stem cells also have similar possibilities. An embryonic stem cell is derived as follows- A fertilized egg forms a blastocyst 4 days after conception. This blastocyst has two types of cells; an outer layer (which becomes the placenta and other supporting tissues needed for foetal development) and an inner cell mass (the stem cells). In order to harvest these cells, they are removed from the blastocyst, a

Proposal on Energy Audit Essay Example for Free

Proposal on Energy Audit Essay Proposal Energy Audit: An energy audit is an inspection, survey and analysis of energy, flows for energy conservation in a building, process or system to reduce the amount of energy input into the system without negatively affecting the output(s). Energy audit identifies opportunities for financial savings by elimination of wasteful use of electricity, coal and fuel oil, without affecting the process or quality of product. Need for Energy Audit: It has been established that Energy savings of the order of 5 to 20% are possible by optimizing use of Energy with better house keeping, low cost retrofitting measures and use of Energy efficient equipment at the time of replacement, renovation or up gradation. Pakistan Electrical Energy Scenario: Electrical power is indeed the blood supply to the muscles of our industrial and informational societies. We take the ready availability of electricity for granted as a source of light, propulsion, heat and refrigeration and only seem to notice its importance if it is suddenly unavailable. Our information and telecommunications systems, our transport systems and modern medicine all depend on electricity as an energy source. The economic engine and the wheels of industry, agriculture and business need energy to move forward. On the social aspect, energy consumption per capita is a key indicator of the quality of life of the citizens and community. Unfortunately in Pakistan, in spite of all claims and rhetoric by all governments, real solutions to meet the energy equirements of the nation have never been formulated or achieved. As a consequence, Pakistan’s economic, industrial and social growth has been greatly constrained. Due to an increasing gap in energy demand versus capacity. The crisis, of course, needs long-term energy generation solutions. But it also needs immediate energy conservation. And one important way of doing this is through Energy audit HESCO Profile HESCO is a public utility company, providing electricity to the entire Sindh province, except for Karachi and parts of the Thatta district. HESCO was incorporated in 1998 under the Companies Ordinance 1984. My research leads to Energy Audit of particular Industry that comes in Hyderabad Circle of Hesco. Area of Operations of HESCO Hyderabad Circle-I (5 Divisions, 22 Sub-Divisions) Hyderabad Circle-II

ADHD Prescription Abuse at Northeastern :: College Study Drugs Education Essays

ADHD Prescription Abuse at Northeastern Northeastern middler Gary Brown* reclines his small frame on a couch in his Mission Hill apartment. He looks like a patient on a psychiatrist's couch as he dictates his history of abuse with Ritalin and Adderall. â€Å"I started going to concerts with a friend who had a prescription and whose nickname was Bradderall,† Brown said. Ritalin and Adderall are prescription drugs commonly used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD. Brown has never been diagnosed with ADHD but he started taking the drugs recreationally as a college freshman to have energy for concerts and for partying into the early morning hours. Soon after, Brown began taking Ritalin to study for exams. Brown was taking the pills about six times a week. â€Å"It’s pretty easy to get,† Brown said. The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) cites Ritalin, or Methylphenidate, as a central nervous system stimulant that has a focusing and calming effect on children and adults diagnosed with ADHD. The National Institute of Mental Health estimates that 3–5% of the general population has ADHD, which is characterized as hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention. This statistic indicates that one child in every classroom in America has ADHD. But Brown is not part of this 3-5% of the population. For Brown and others without the disorder, ADHD medications increase dopamine levels in the brain, giving the user a sense of euphoria similar to cocaine. Students at Northeastern University as well as other campuses are consuming these drugs for better academic performance and a cheap high on the college party scene. Students are taking Ritalin, Addrall, and the newest drug on the market, Conserta, either orally or crushing and snorting them to study, party, or lose weight. In some cases, kids are melting them down and shooting them up. According to Northeastern students, the drugs are very cheap and very accessible. â€Å"Drugs like Adderall, Ritalin, and Conserta that make you focused and industrious can be very useful,† said Jeff Smith*, a Northeastern student. Like Brown, Smith had never taken these prescriptions commonly called â€Å"study drugs† before coming to college. Smith cites increasing academic pressure as a reason for using the pills to focus and gain an edge. Both Brown and Smith receive free pills from their friends who have prescriptions but they would expect to pay $2-$5 a pill if they had to. In 2000 , NIDA’s Community Epidemiology Work Group found the abuse of methylphenidate (Ritalin) in Boston to be prevalent amongst middle and high school students; especially in middle- and upper-middle class communities.

Based on Kolberg’s Scale

On Kohlberg’s scale, I consider myself to be on the conventional level, Level II. I can say that I still react to my family’s expectations. Not so much of my peers, because I’ve learned that everyone have their personal opinions to everything. Sometimes, even unsolicited advices are given, I don’t intend to be rude to them in any way, therefore, I take it as creative criticism. These things happen all the time. I do conform to the norms that I learned at home and in school, not so much from the church though because I have not been an active member for some time now. I do understand the moral norms and rules and how they must be followed. Growing up, family played a significant role in my life. I can truly say that I am who I am today because of them. I was taught that for as long as I live the right way, not hurting anyone along the way, and being thankful for what I have, I will be happy. There were times that I have made the wrong choices, but for the most part, I didn’t forget my parent’s teachings. For instance, getting in trouble with the law for fighting or being disruptive, I eventually grew out of it and learned that maybe violence is not the way to do things. For the most part, having a decent conversation or as simple as talking about the problem will eventually solve the misunderstanding and everything can end well. I don’t see myself on the third level only because I haven’t come to the point where I question why things are the way they are. I know the difference between right and wrong, and I definitely think that’s more important than looking for explanations.

Organizational Culture in Libraries Essay

Assignment Topic: One of the main ways in which the ‘veil of incorporation’ can be lifted is when directors breach their duties. This essay question is set around the duty to prevent insolvent trading. You will need to have read the chapter in your prescribed text that deals with this duty and have then researched more widely by looking at other textbooks, the relevant CCH online library, articles from the internet and journal articles. You must answer both parts of this topic. Please make sure you have REFERENCED in the body of your work ACCURATELY,. Remember, referencing shows you have researched and thought about what material will be relevant to assist you in answering the questions. Read the following scenario and answer BOTH parts (questions) at the end. OHS Solutions Pty. Ltd. is a company formed by three friends (Des, Satish and Emma) who bring different skills and abilities to the business. Emma is an accounting graduate, Des has expertise in occupational health and safety (OHS) and Satish has an IT degree. They decided to start up a business which would provide a portal through which the public and businesses could access (for free) information on all aspects of OHS. OHS Solutions would finance its business, and make profits, by charging businesses to advertise via their website. The directors of OHS Solutions are: Managing Director – Des Finance Director – Emma (non executive) Director – Satish (executive – employed also to run the technological side of the business) Director – Ying (non executive) – a friend of Des’ and director of Support Pty. Ltd. (Support Pty. Ltd. has gone guarantor for a $50,000 loan from the Business Bank Ltd. to OHS Solutions) The Shareholders of OHS Solutions (holding equal amounts of ordinary shares) are Des, Emma, Satish and Support Pty. Ltd. As at January 2007 OHS Solutions had been operating for six months. It had  some initial IT problems which prevented some of the advertisers’ material from being accessed. In order to try to help overcome these technical problems Satish engaged Trouble Shooters Pty. Ltd. At the February Board meeting, Satish reported that two businesses who had paid to advertise on the website were dissatisfied with what was happening and were threatening to sue for breach of contract. Emma was unable to table any financial information as the employee who had been doing the accounts had been sick and when Emma looked at the records she found that they seemed to be in a bit of a mess. She did find a large account from Trouble Shooters that was over due. Des reported that he was disturbed by this news. He had been told by Satish that the IT problems had been fixed since Trouble Shooters had been engaged, and he had just signed a $10,000 advertising contract with Promotions Plus Pty. Ltd. to advertise the website and signed up to go to a trade show to be held in conjunction with a forthcoming OHS conference. He said this was needed because a number of high profile advertisers were threatening to discontinue their association with OHS Solutions unless the portal became better known. Ying just listens in disbelief at the March Board meeting. It seemed to her that OHS Solutions is being poorly managed and is failing to make the most of a potentially profitable business opportunity. This could present an opportunity for Support Pty. Ltd. to make an offer to buy OHS Solutions at a good price. On the other hand Support Pty. Ltd. is exposed as a guarantor. Assume she consults you, an accountant, for your preliminary view about the predicament of OHS Solutions and what she should do. Assume also that the first thing that comes to your mind is whether Ying herself may be vulnerable as a director of OHS Solutions for failing to prevent OHS Solutions from trading when it is insolvent.

Chef Yancy Essay Example

Chef Yancy Essay Example Chef Yancy Essay Chef Yancy Essay The Trends that I’m making today is about cupcakes. The cupcakes has been the reigning sweet of pop civilization for some old ages now. animating non merely recipes entirely but manner graphics and collectables. The New York Times have been stand foring all types of cupcakes for illustration marshmallow cupcakes. Brownies. caramel. pudding and cocoa bit. The First reference of the cupcake can be traced as far back in 1796. when a recipes notation of a ’Cake Cookery . The earliest certification of the term cupcake was in 70 five formulas pastry. Cakes and Sweets meets in 1828 in Elizabeth Leslie’s formula cook book. In the nineteenth century they use to bake Cakes in clayware cups. remake or casts. Then took their name from the cups that were baked in. This is the usage of the name that has remain. and the names of Cup Cake is now given to any little bar that is the size of a teacup. The other sort of Cup Cake referred to a bar whose ingredients were measured by volume. utilizing a standard-sized cup. alternatively of being weighed. Recipes whose ingredient were measured utilizing a standard-sized cup could besides be baked in cups ; nevertheless. they were more commonly baked in Sns as beds or loaves. Subsequently on when the usage of volume measuring was acknowledge in place kitchen these formulas became known as 1234 bars or one-fourth bars. so call because they are made up of four ingredients. One cup of butter. two cups of sugar. three cups of flour. and flour eggs. They are obviously xanthous bars. less rich. and less expensive than lb bars. The name of those two major classed of bars were intended to signal the method of baker. Cup Cakes uses a volume measuring and Pound Cakes uses a weight of measuring. Now day’s cupcakes are really popular they have been around for many old ages in different bakeshops. eating house and chiefly food market shops. There are some many alone cupcakes out at that place such as Bee Sleet cupcakes. Black Cat cupcakes. Chocolate Chip cupcakes. Black Cherry cupcakes. and my favourite Strawberry cupcakes with the jimmiess. Cup bars are truly non that expensive and everyone loves cupcakes. I even make them myself at place. Do I believe that cupcakes are of all time traveling to stop NO But I read that a few old ages back that shops drew a line stating that the sugar high might be over. Stating that it didn’t have the epicurean that it one time had. In the early twenty-first century a tendency for cupcakes stores. which are specialised bakeshops that sell small or nil except cupcakes. was develop in the United States. playing off of the sense of nostalgia evoked by the bars. In the New York City. cupcakes stores like Magnolia Bakery gained promotion in their visual aspects on popular telecasting shows like HBO’s and Sex and the City. Crumbs Bake Shop. a promotion traded concern running the largest cupcakes store concatenation in the U. S. reached its peak stock monetary value in 2011. Worsening gross revenues. due to competition from locally owned mom- and- dad forte shops every bit good as increased competition from food market shops. caused a crisp diminution in the company’s chance and stock monetary values in 2013. Which made the Wall Street Journal studies that the market for luxury cupcakes Dallas bakeshops like scattering Cupcakes or Creme de la cookies is all but done for. Rumors has it that Crumb is one of many cupcakes sellers around the state they’ve unfastened in the past decennary with a focal point on calories- loaded pastries and premium monetary values to fit. And yet the concatenation is presently sing important downward gesture: 2013 gross revenues to approximately $ 57 million a downward that Crumb blames in portion on Hurricane Sandy. But reading on assorted analysts. the Journal found plentifulness of pessimism to travel about: as Darren Tristano. executive frailty president of nutrient industry consulting house Technomic put it. the cupcake crazed was merely a short-run tendency. Their starting to see a existent saturation†¦ Demand is level. And rather honestly. people can bake cupcakes. Of class those within the industry. like Yogen Fruz co-founder Michael Serruya. takes the opposite position: Serruya merely did a 10 million fiscal trade with Crumb and says the gourmet- otherwise. Which mean that decidedly hold confident that cupcakes was traveling to be about for a really long clip. On the expensive field of cupcakes I truly don’t think that cupcakes are truly expensive. I think that they should maintain cupcakes about longer because they have came up with all types of different cupcakes. Different manners of cupcakes and they besides came up with a cupcake bar for kids. Besides if there wasn’t for cupcakes how would coat would of all time be bing. It this one bakeshop in Chicago where I use to travel up as a child around my old house and I that bakeshop is still standing today. That tells you that cupcakes are still at that place. I don’t believe its how you make the cupcake I think it is where you sell the cupcakes at. For blink of an eyes If I was to travel to a egular vicinity and I see a bakeshop that is closed down that state me that whatever they where selling in that bakeshop that did non win and likely travel to another location. The most popular topographic point around the universe that sells the best doughnuts is Dunkin’ Donuts. Since Dunkin’ Donuts’ comparable gross revenues growing stood at 2. 8 in 2011. The figure accelerated to 7. 2 % in the first one-fourth of 2012 helped by the debut of new menu points such as Hillshire sausage sandwich in the 4th one-fourth of 2011 and Angus steak and egg sand which at the start of 2012. These offerings besides helped clients view Dunkin as a eating house concatenation offering more than merely java or doughnuts. Further the sale of Dunkin Donut K-cups compatible with Keurig individual cup beer makers. is besides a hiking the gross revenues at its eating house. Comp gross revenues slowed to 4 % in the 2nd one-fourth. which was by and large in line with the company outlook. We expect the figure to remain in a similar scope in the long term. Dunkin’ Donuts plans to duplicate the figure of eating house in the U. S. to 15. 000 in the following 20 old ages. In 2012. the eating house concatenation added 260-280 eating house in the U. S. The company still has no presence in the province of California. were it is working on constructing infrastructural demand needed to back up its operations. The western portion of the U. S. represent a important growing chance for Dunkin since its incursion is merely one shop for one million people. There are other provinces to. like Texas. were the eating house concatenation has a limited presence and had late unveiled programs to spread out rapidly. Since the eating house are franchised. merely a fraction of the entire capital outgo is incurred by Dunkin’ . In 2011 the eating house concatenation added 243 mercantile establishment in the U. S. while capital outgo for the entire company stood at $ 19 million. So. they don’t expect its enlargement thrust to set a strain on its balance sheet. Well I know that decidedly have to look out for Starbucks the greater the presence. the more hard its gets to prolong high comp gross revenues since the new restaurant start cannibalising the gross revenues of bing 1s. Starbucks faces similar state of affairs back in 2008 which forced it to close some of its shops in the U. S due to spread outing excessively rapidly. I have a $ 34 monetary value estimation for Dunkin Brands. which is about 15 % above the current market monetary value. So you see if it wasn’t for Dunkin’ Donuts for maintaining their selling trade name up it would likely be really difficult for us to happen and delightful doughnuts. I can candidly state that I love Dunkin’ Donuts and I shop their all the clip. I can believe Starbucks will even seek to come out. Quite frankly I think Starbucks are a clump of transcript cats and at any sum of clip I think at that place small tendency is traveling to travel down the drain. And to my cognition there is no donut topographic point that isn’t better that Dunkin’ Donuts.

Endothermic and Exothermic Chemical Reactions

Endothermic and Exothermic Chemical Reactions Many chemical reactions release energy in the form of heat, light, or sound. These are exothermic reactions. Exothermic reactions may occur spontaneously and result in higher randomness or entropy (ΔS 0ï » ¿) of the system. They are denoted by a negative heat flow (heat is lost to the surroundings) and decrease in enthalpy (ΔH 0). In the lab, exothermic reactions produce heat or may even be explosive. There are other chemical reactions that must absorb energy in order to proceed. These are endothermic reactions. Endothermic reactions cannot occur spontaneously. Work must be done in order to get these reactions to occur. When endothermic reactions absorb energy, a temperature drop is measured during the reaction. Endothermic reactions are characterized by positive heat flow (into the reaction) and an increase in enthalpy (ΔH). Examples of Endothermic and Exothermic Processes Photosynthesis is an example of an endothermic chemical reaction. In this process, plants use the energy from the sun to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. This reaction requires 15MJ of energy (sunlight) for every kilogram of glucose that is produced: sunlight 6CO2(g) H2O(l) C6H12O6(aq) 6O2(g) Other examples of endothermic processes include: Dissolving ammonium chloride in waterCracking alkanesNucleosynthesis of elements heavier than nickel in starsEvaporating liquid waterMelting ice An example of an exothermic reaction is the mixture of sodium and chlorine to yield table salt. This reaction produces 411 kJ of energy for each mole of salt that is produced: Na(s) 0.5Cl2(s) NaCl(s) Other examples of exothermic processes include: The thermite reactionA neutralization reaction (e.g., mixing an acid and a base to form a salt and water)Most polymerization reactionsCombustion of a fuelRespirationNuclear fissionCorrosion of metal (an oxidation reaction)Dissolving an acid in water Demonstrations You Can Perform Many exothermic and endothermic reactions involve toxic chemicals, extreme heat or cold, or messy disposal methods. An example of a quick exothermic reaction is dissolving powdered laundry detergent in your hand with a bit of water. An example of an easy endothermic reaction is dissolving potassium chloride (sold as a salt substitute) in your hand with water. These endothermic and exothermic demonstrations are safe and easy: Exciting Exothermic Reactions to Try: Heat things up with one of these simple exothermic reaction demonstrations.Create an Endothermic Reaction: Some endothermic reactions get cold enough to cause frostbite. Heres an example of a reaction safe enough for kids to touch.How to Create an Exothermic Chemical Reaction: Some exothermic reactions produce flames and get extremely hot (like the thermite reaction). Here is a safe exothermic reaction that produces heat but wont start fires or cause a burn.Make Hot Ice From Vinegar and Baking Soda: Sodium acetate or hot ice can be used as either an endothermic or exothermic reaction, depending on whether you are crystallizing or melting the solid. Endothermic vs Exothermic Comparison Heres a quick summary of the differences between endothermic and exothermic reactions: Endothermic Exothermic heat is absorbed (feels cold) heat is released (feels warm) energy must be added for reaction to occur reaction occurs spontaneously disorder decreases (ΔS 0) entropy increases (ΔS 0) increase in enthalpy (+ΔH) decrease in enthalpy (-ΔH) Endergonic and Exergonic Reactions Endothermic and exothermic reactions refer to the absorption or release of heat. There are other types of energy which may be produced or absorbed by a chemical reaction. Examples include light and sound. In general, reactions involving energy may be classified as endergonic or exergonic, An endothermic reaction is an example of an endergonic reaction. An exothermic reaction is an example of an exergonic reaction. Key Facts Endothermic and exothermic reactions are chemical reactions that absorb and release heat, respectively.A good example of an endothermic reaction is photosynthesis. Combustion is an example of an exothermic reaction.The categorization of a reaction as endo- or exothermic depends on the net heat transfer. In any given reaction, heat is both absorbed and released. For example, energy must be input into a combustion reaction to start it (lighting a fire with a match), but then more heat is released than was required. Resources and Further Reading Qian, Y.†Z., et al. â€Å"Diverse Supernova Sources for the r†Process.† The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 494, no. 1, 10 Feb. 1998, pp. 285-296, doi:10.1086/305198.Yin, Xi, et al. â€Å"Self-Heating Approach to the Fast Production of Uniform Metal Nanostructures.† Chemistry of Nanomaterials for Energy, Biology and More, vol. 2, no. 1, 26 Aug. 2015, pp. 37-41, doi:10.1002/cnma.201500123.

Recycling trash in azerbaijan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Recycling trash in azerbaijan - Essay Example Eurasian Recycling LLC will seek to resolve this issue by taking in waste from towns at nominal fees and making recycled products from it. If the company is able to address this problem, the independent waste collectors will pay the premium price, as they will have to negotiate with the company. The company has two value propositions for end user consumers of compost or recycled trash and municipalities. For the municipalities, the company will offer budget-saving and cost-effective services that will help in addressing problems of waste disposal in Ganja City and its environs. In addition, for the end users, it will provide a valuable revitalization of the soil in terms of tillage, water retention, structural stability, and porosity (Stevens et al 17). Therefore, by acquiring trash from the municipalities around Ganja, the company will recycle and compost it for the customers to buy at a profit. The market niche for the product is the organic soil enrichment market with most farmers still using inorganic fertilizers. These include farmers and nursery owners, as well as resident landscapers. There is room for growth in the organic soil enhancement market as more farmers move away from chemical fertilizers (Stevens et al 17). Eurasia Recycling LLC’s major product is r ecycled household organic waste to be used in farms, while the major service involves offering municipalities around Ganja City alternative ways to dispose of organic household waste that is collected around the city. The waste collection service is not perishable because there will always be waste, while the eventual product is not perishable either because agriculture is the economic backbone of Azerbaijan (Stevens et al 17). In addition, the product is responding to trends in the market, which is organic farming, and will hold for the foreseeable

A history of the play and the playwright plus a list of works Essay

A history of the play and the playwright plus a list of works referenced - Essay Example He was, in the eyes of the world, an ordinary young man. But he was soon to prove them wrong. Shakespeare came into the picture in 1592, as an actor and dramatist. The exact date of his entrance in the theatrical world is as yet, not known, but it is believed to be the late 1500s. And still, the first published work of the infamous William Shakespeare was seven years after his demise, in the year 1616, a result of the efforts of his companions and colleagues. It was called, The Great Folio of 1623 (Honigmann 1-12). His works were considered classic during his lifetime, but the fame was nothing which came after his demise. Shakespeare’s plays and sonnets mostly followed the genre of tragedy, yet in the later part of his career, he wrote romantics, or tragic comedies. But it was the tragedies that really took place into the hearts and souls of men. He gave authenticity to his tragedies by relating them to real historical instances; however, the plays were not in the exact timeli ne of these instances (Bevington 50-68). His tragedies are renowned for a reason. â€Å"Shakespeare’s language, his insight into the characters, and his dramaturgical inventiveness set his tragedies apart from any else† (McAlindon 1-22). Any exceptional play or book is exalted in the words, â€Å"like a Shakespearean tragedy†. However, no tragedy can ever touch the bar set by Shakespeare. It is that reason that his tragic works became so distinguished. â€Å"A tragedy is an intense exploration of suffering and evil focused on the experience of an exceptional individual, distinguished by rank or character or both† and Shakespeare’s had it and more (McAlindon 1-22). One such Shakespearean Tragedy was the story of Caesar. Shakespeare’s main source for the play is Plutarch's famous biography  The Life of Julius Caesar, written in Greek in the 1st century and translated into English in 1579 by Sir Thomas North. The Tragedy of Julius Caesar was published in the First Folio in 1623; however, it was performed on stage before that. The earliest performance of the play that has been recorded was in Shakespeare’s time. It was held in the Globe Theatre (possibly), on the twenty first of September, 1599 (Ripley 13-14). It was Thomas Platter, a Swiss traveller, who saw and recorded this play which has been the earliest record of The Tragedy of Julius Caesar. According to his memoirs, the play was performed by excellent actors in a â€Å"strewn roof-house† at around 2 o’clock after dinner (Ripley). Shakespeare’s writing on Caesar was not the first, nor was it the last. Many writers wrote before him about the great Caesar, and even more wrote after Shakespeare. Yet none was able to capture the beauty of the story; no one portrayed better the betrayals, the morbid qualities, the desperation and the love in the story. It therefore, became most known as Shakespeare’s tragedy, rather than being known a s one of his numerous works. In fact, among all of Shakespeare’s plays, Caesar stands ninth in theatrical popularity; Macbeth, Othello Hamlet and such preceding it (Raffel xvii-xix). Caesar himself appears very few times throughout the play, however. It is the chaos that reigns after his death that captivates the audience. A particularly famous one that I love is the twentieth century production by Orson Welles. George Orson Welles remains one of the most famous of all Hollywood’s directors. He was also a writer and his take on this play

Righteous Dopefiend by Philippe Bourgois and Jeffrey Schonberg Essay

Righteous Dopefiend by Philippe Bourgois and Jeffrey Schonberg - Essay Example TIn addition to being homeless, the individuals have to face the structural forces that govern their miserable lives. The book tries to give profiles of various homeless people residing on the encampment. This is crucial in understanding the reasons that lead to homelessness. In addition, there is need to learn and appreciate the problems faced by these homeless individuals. This information is crucial in formulating strategies to reach out and help these people. The gruesome dependence on drugs is highlighted in the paper. The homeless addicts are dirty and some urinate on themselves. They steal, beg and engage in prostitution in exchange for drugs. The book concentrates on approximately 10 people in the Bernal heights a popular area in San Francisco (Elsa 178). It is evident that the majority of the writing assesses the method through which the dynamics of race, gender and class affect the lives of the homeless and drug addicts. The themes that stand out in this book include race, sexuality, suffering, trauma and inequality in the society. The authors writing style includes the use of flashback in the lives of the ten individuals depicted in the book to make the book more realistic. The author writes about the love stories, family trauma and embodied suffering in most situations to highlight the plight of these individuals. The use of pictures and flash back creates an actual scenario as described. This makes an individual to understand the inequality and the facts highlighted in the book effortlessly. This powerful book makes the reader to fully integrate into the world of drug addiction, extreme poverty and homelessness in the most developed country, the United States of America (Bourgois & Schonberg 214). Photographs in this book include the scars brought about by addiction, social closeness among romantic pairs and partners who are on the run because of drugs, and the homeless people covered in the book (Angela 200). They are pictures of homeless people who reside in shacks on the encampment. These shacks are off the street and they comfortably rest on their beddings, and take drugs. The most intriguing pictures are of Tina and Carter (a homeless couple that is deeply in love). One cannot help but admire this couple. They may be poor, but they are happy as they have each other. They are oblivious of their surroundings and happily hug and show affection to each other. Through the pictures, it is evident that most of the homeless people are drug addicts. It seems that the homeless people use the drugs to counteract feelings of desperation, anxiety and fear. The commonly abused drug is heroine and intoxication of the drug elicits feelings of euphoria. The homeless on the encampment derive great solace from drug abuse. This is a true picture also in the society, and individuals should avoid drugs such as heroin and crack. The pictures were ethical since a writer has authority to utilize any style of writing which includes pictures and other literature. A writer should be able to pass the informa tion to the reader effortlessly. This style of including pictures is acceptable and ethical since it gives emphasis on the texts in the book. The pictures are not pornographic in nature neither do they discriminate both gender, and race they are appropriate and relevant to the book (Elsa 178). Substance abuse

The Culture of Italy Architecture, People and History

The Culture of Italy Architecture, People and History The main focus of this culture project will be the nation of Italy. Italy is a peninsula, with two main islands which include Sardinia and Sicily, located in south central Europe and extending into the Mediterranean Sea. Italy has a land mass, including the islands, of about 116,300 square feet. To get a better proportion in mind, Italy is only slightly larger than the state of Arizona. Italy is the land neighbor of several countries including Austria, France, San Marino, Slovenia, and Switzerland (Cia.gov). The country of Italy has a unique range when it comes to climate. In northern Italy, the weather is more extreme with temperatures dropping below freezing with snow typically blanketing the region. Southern Italy on the other hand has more a more moderate climate with warmer weather. Southern Italy is the less populated region, and despite the hot temperatures the area is more known for its rural areas and farming communities (GoAbroad.info). Throughout the nation, Italian cultur e is as alive today as it ever has been, but it goes back a long way. Evidence of human existence has been shown through recent excavations in Europe, which date back to the Paleolithic and Mesolithic time periods (Italy1.com). Italy is a nation rich in culture and customs, and this will be an interesting journey. 4C Archaeology To understand any culture, it is first important to get an understanding of the history of the location. One way to do this is to study from an archeological stand point. Archaeology is one of four subplots of Anthropology, and is the excavation, recovery, and analysis of remains of past human behavior. Archaeologists look for artifacts (such as tools, ceramics, textiles) to give them an idea of and show evidence for past human behavior. Italy, especially Northern Italy and around Rome, is rich in archaeological findings. Currently there about 56 active sites around Italy, which include sites in Pompeii and Rome. Rome may be the most well known area, because it is still populated today, but the ruins of Pompeii are full of findings of a civilization over 2000 years old. Pompeii (located near the present day Naples) was completely buried by a volcanic eruption that basically set all signs of life in stone for years ahead. The earliest signs of life show that this city was destroyed in 79 AD, which gives archaeologists insight to a city that was popular at the same time as the Roman Empire was at its peak. This site was left virtually untouched until about 1748 when one man found the site and would dig at random searching for treasure only for his own personal gain. Not until 1861 was the proper approach taken, and this included an extensive and systematic excavation led by an Italian appointed representative who was responsible for making plaster casts of the victims. Many objects are still being excavated to this day; these objects include paints (found still in the pottery), tiles, paintings, and floorings. The most interesting is the large amount of brothels found in the city (GoEurope.about.com). Photographer Corrine Gill captured some of the erotic images found, and below is one of her more famous pieces. 4D Culture Culture, in its simplest form, is a set of beliefs, ideas, behaviors that are shared and learned. The culture of Italy is a beautiful and unique one. From greetings to the food, Italian culture is something special. One really distinct difference between foreign and Italian culture is the way Italians will greet each other. The most common way to greet someone and see them off is with a light kiss on each cheek. This practice will usually seem strange to a foreigner and Italians expect this and most Italians will usually stick to the typical handshake to make the outsider feel more comfortable. Another aspect of this culture that may seem strange to foreigners is the way Italians dress. A foreigner will be the obvious stand out if they have not dressed in the same, up to date fashion as the rest of the culture. Italians of all ages typically dress in the same way, following the newest trends and fashion codes. The only real clothing restrictions come when you are entering a church or sometimes even a museum, there will typically be written rules for proper attire (ItalyHeaven.com). Growing up in a mostly Italian family, I know the part of Italian culture that is most important to me: food. Italy has nearly 20 different regions, all of which have their own style of food. Food is a great tradition in Italy, and this is usually paired with a love of wine. Wine is not looked at in the same light in Italy as it is in America. In Italy, wine is the typical drink to have paired with a fine Italian meal. An example of when a large meal would be prepared would be after a funeral. The whole family would be together, and they would celebrate the life of the lost loved one together. An Italian funeral is a beautiful ceremony that gets many of the loved ones involved, with most of the family holding candles throughout the service and most of them offering prayers in front of the casket. The whole family will then lead the deceased to his final resting place. Italians like t o make a big deal out of their ceremonies, most notably their wedding ceremonies and Christening services (Windsor-Communities.com). The Italian wedding has a few special traditions that are worth noting. One of these traditions is that the groom will carry a small piece of iron ore which is meant to ward off the evil eye. The other tradition unique to Italian weddings is when the bride and groom shatter a vase or piece of glass, they do this so that each piece will represent one year of happy marriage (CompletelyWeddings.com). Both events (weddings and Christenings) will be held in a church for a special service, and then will be followed by a special party afterwards. The party will usually include lots of families and friends, food, wine, and also music. The music typically played at these events will be Opera or anything that can be danced to. Italians love most styles of music, as it is a major part of their daily lives. Opera has the largest following in Italy because that is the origin of this style (Windsor-Communities.com). Below is a picture taken from CompletelyWeddings.com (the photographer is unknown), and it shows what a typical Italian wedding is like. 4E Domestication Much of Italy is covered in mountains which therefore include forests which are home to many different plants and trees. Tuscany, part of the northern region of Italy, has many trees which include beech, pine, fir, yew, oak, wild oak, and ash. The mountains of Tuscany are also home to animals like the fox, mountain goat, bear, and both the Apennine wolf and lynx (KidCyber.com). On top of the many trees and plants throughout the country, Italy has many herbs including rosemary, lavender and thyme. 4F Cities/States For most of Italys history the country was run by a dictator and for some time before that it was ruled by the Catholic Church with the Pope having control of the territory. Until 1948, the nation was ruled by different dictators. In 1948, after World War II, Italy switched over to become a Republic (EveryCulture.com). A Republic is the most common form of government, and it is basically where citizens of a nation have the ability to help control the government. A Republic government leaves a lot of room for change, but the static point is that citizens have the right to vote for their elected officials (WiseGeek.com). Italy is currently led by the Head of State Giorgio Napolitano. Napolitano was elected, as is any Head of State, for a seven year term by the Electoral College. Below Napolitano is Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi who was elected for a 5 year term. Italian government is easy to understand because it is very similar to the United States government (Fco.gov). An interest ing point when looking at Italy and their form of government is the Vatican City, which is the only surviving city-state left in the world. A city-state is, as stated by Professor Kuba from class, a political system of an independent city to rule over a fixed area. The Vatican City has not always been an independent state though, as it was only made to be its own state in 1929 due to a treaty that was signed between the city and Italy. The ruler of the Vatican is not necessarily an elected official either, because the leader of the Vatican is actually the Bishop of Rome, who is the Pope to the rest of the Catholic community. The Vatican City is actually very small in land size, as it is only slightly larger than The Mall in Washington, DC (Buzzle.com). 4G Social Stratification To judge if a society is socially stratified, we look at three main traits which include prestige, power, and economic resources/wealth. It is difficult to place Italy in any of the categories, but it is best represented by a Class Society due to the unequal access to everything. The major differences within the nation fall between the northern and southern parts of Italy. The unemployment rate of the nation is very high, which causes the differences in wealth to be highly noticeable. Wealth is especially apparent in immigrants because they typically come from poorer countries. Lower classes have been affected recently by budget cuts to the welfare system which were required by the European Union (which Italy founded in 1957). The most prominent markers of social class are speech and dress. The closer ones dialect is to the national language, it is common that the speaker is wealthier than others. Also, fashion is a big deal in Italy, and it is also a statement in class. Certain desi gners or labels will be out of reach for the lower class, and they will stand out because of how up to date Italy is with fashion. Another factor to judge someone by is the amount and style of their leisure time. Where a person goes for a vacation, the amount of time they spend there, and where they stay are usually good ways to gauge an Italians social status. Fashion, leisure, and food are three key factors when looking at Italian culture. Two of these have been discussed; the third and not yet talked about is food. Food is a universal constant and no matter what your social status, you will eat it. Food can also help gauge a persons social status by what kind of food they are eating. Meat will usually be eaten mainly by the wealthy, while the less fortunate will stick to just Pasta or simpler foods (EveryCulture.com). In Italy there are differences in classes, but there are no noticeable different groups. The only difference lies within a persons social status, such as their pres tige, power, or economic resources. 4H Marital Residency and Kinship Italy is not unique in any real fashion when it comes to marriage practices in comparison to the rest of the world. When it comes to marriage, Italians have followed practices common throughout. In the past, marriages were typically arranged by the parents and the daughter would bring a sum of money to the husband at the time of the wedding. It was not uncommon though for the son or daughter to have the chance to influence their parents decision, and this practice was much easier for the poorer class. Most people in Italy will eventually marry, but it is not unheard of to have a restriction for the child to hold off marriage so they can care for their older parents. When the marriage does take place, most couples will move in with the brides parents and follow the matrilocal residency. Alongside of this, it is typical for two nuclear families to live together (EveryCulture.com). Kinship in Italy is a little more difficult to understand. Italy and people of Italian decent are known for their large families, so the question is, how are they related? The family will typically extend and include both the fathers and mothers side of the family. There a couple of generalizations that can be drawn from Italian kinship. One of these is the bond that is typically found between the males of a family and to his mothers sisters. It is believed that is due to the fact that the son chooses to be with the more loving side, rather than the strict side that the father offers. Following this line of thinking, it would mean that I would be really close with my two aunts from my mothers side but have a typical, not resistant, relationship with those on my fathers side of the family. 4I Religion and Magic Religion is a set of beliefs, attitudes, and practices pertaining to the supernatural (Notes). Religion is also one universal constant. No matter when or where society has existed, signs of some form of religion or magic have been found. As discovered through writings or archaeological sites, Italy is no different. Witches and sorcerers are now all but forgotten, but they used to hold a strong position in the past. These practices led many to believe in spells, charms, and many different types of omens. Many of these beliefs have succeeded to modern day religion, but some people still believe in this ancient line of thinking. Italy, home to the Vatican City (the home of the Catholic Church), is a highly religious country. Over 90% of all of Italy is Roman Catholic, with the other religions being a mix of Jews, Muslims, and Orthodox. Italy is full of religious history, with Rome and the Vatican being the focal point for tourist attraction. The cities are full of churches and religious relics, and people flock from around the world to view them first hand. The Roman Catholic Church is very strict with its practices and holds many events throughout the year. The main holidays celebrated in Catholicism are the Immaculate Conception, Christmas, Easter, and the Pentecost. These are celebrated throughout the world, but for a nation nearly all Catholic, they are very important. In Italy, death and the celebration of the death are regarded as highly important. Most Italians believe in the afterlife, and view heaven and hell as reality (going along with Catholicism, they also believe in Purgatory). The funeral for a deceased loved one is held in a funeral home, and Italians view attendance as mandatory. Missing the funeral of a loved one can cause serious harm to that persons relationship with other friends and family (EveryCulture.com). So far I have identified Italy by three major things: family, friends, and food. Religion, and specifically Catholicism, can be added to this list. The Vatican City Home to the Catholic Church, a religion followed by over 90% of Italy 4J Linguistics The official language of Italy, not surprisingly, is Italian. Italian is the number one used language, while German is second, and French and Slovene have a small role in the nations linguistic history (Cia.gov). Italian has a long history, and it is said to be a part of the Romance group, a subplot of the Indo-European family. All Romance languages were spawned from Latin, and Italy is the one that closest resembles it to this day. One issue with the Italian language has always been the number of different dialects found within the country. Dating back to the early 13th century, different dialects can be found in different regions, and this caused many different writings and schools of thought in numerous dialects. It was not until the 17th century, when Tuscany began to be one of the most successful regions in the nation that the Tuscan dialect began to take over and is now considered to be the true national language and dialect. The earliest form of the written word of Italian is said to be from the 13th century, where we find numerous popular plays and stories. Dante Alighieri is one of Italys most famous authors for his work, Devine Comedy, which was written in Latin. The Italian language is basically entirely derived from Latin, and Latin is the official language of the Vatican City (Italian.about.com). The Italian language has a less than half of the letters that English does, as their language only has 14 letters. Italian is a very romantic language, and because of this many common Italian phrases are well known to much of the English speaking society.   4K Sex and Gender Italy is surprisingly equal when it comes to gender roles. I would have viewed Italian culture as very old fashioned, with women staying at home while the husband went off to work, but this is not entirely true. It could be said they are old fashioned in the sense that they have stuck to their almost original gender roles, but that means the men and women are treated as equals. Archaeological sites have shown evidence that men and women were almost equal in the amount of work they contributed to society. In modern society, prior to World War II, men would be the ones who went to work while the woman would stay at home, but these practices have changed and stayed the same since. Now, men and women are equals in every aspect of Italian culture. The numbers of men and women enrolled in universities and the work force is almost the same throughout Italy. Women still hold the same role as the leader of home life, but have taken on new roles to make themselves equals with men in social, ec onomic, and political areas of life. These facts show that Italian women are the most liberated in all of Europe (EveryCulture.com). One major difference between Italian men and women is the effects of having a child. Italian men typically have little to do with the child rearing process and offer little support and guidance to the mother. This absence leaves a very heavy job for the mother to handle alone. The job market is very tough, and it is nearly impossible for a mother of even one child to re-enter the job market after a short absence. This puts a strain on a family because of the difficulty it brings to the family because they have to live off of one income. These facts have caused a dramatic decrease in the amount of children being born in todays Italy (Family.jrank.org). 4L Genetics and Evolution The first sign of any human life comes from nearly 200,000 years ago when signs of human remains were found at villages excavated just west of Rome. The evidence of the existence of Homo Erectus humans is shown with the flint axes that were excavated from this site. About 100,000 years old, signs of more humans were found in Rome, and these people are believed to have been Neanderthals. In terms of modern day Italians, the first existence of modern day humans came about in 10,000 BC during the Upper Palaeolithic. Stone tools and engravings of animals in caves and on bones have been excavated from these sites. The engravings were not as detailed or impressive in comparison with those found elsewhere in Europe such as in France and Spain. It is believed that this is a sign that the population of Italy was rather small at this period in time (HistoryForKids.org). List of Resources http://www.everyculture.com/Ge-It/Italy.html Used for general information throughout the project https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/it.html Used for: 3A, 3B, 4J http://italy1.com/history/ Used for 3B http://www.goabroad.info/Italy.html?gID=3207 Used for 3C http://www.loc.gov/rr/international/european/italy/it.html Used for basic search engine http://mapsandflags.com/it.html Used for general information http://goeurope.about.com/cs/italy/a/pompeii.htm Used for information on Pompeii http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/pompeii/ss/BrothelsPompeii_2.htm Used for Pompeii brother picture, Corinne Gill http://www.italyheaven.co.uk/manners.html Used for 4D http://www.windsor-communities.com/italian-traditions.php Used for 4D http://completelyweddings.com/ethnic-wedding-themes/ Used for 4D http://www.kidcyber.com.au/topics/italyflora.htm Used for 4E http://farm2.static.flickr.com/1108/897192220_3020362cf4.jpg?v=0 Used for Pine Forest in Tuscany, Italy picture http://www.caninest.com/types-of-wolf/ Used for Apennine wolf picture http://bubbles6612.wordpress.com/2007/11/ Used for Apennine mountains picture http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-republican-form-of-government.htm Used for 4F http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/travel-and-living-abroad/travel-advice-by-country/country-profile/europe/italy/ Used for 4F http://www.buzzle.com/articles/vatican-city-facts.html Used for 4F http://www.mapsofworld.com/flags/vatican-city-flag.html Used for picture of the flag of the Vatican City http://scrapetv.com/News/News%20Pages/Everyone%20Else/pages/Popes-appeal-for-Mid-East-peace-falls-on-surprisingly-deaf-ears-Scrape-TV-The-World-on-your-side.html Used for picture of Vatican City http://italian.about.com/library/weekly/aa060699a.htm Used for 4J http://www.kwintessential.co.uk/resources/language/italian-phrases.html Used for 4J and phrase chart http://family.jrank.org/pages/979/Italy-Education-Gender-Roles.html Used for 4K http://coquinadaily.com/daily/htmldaily/080305.shtml Used for picture in 4L http://www.lifeinitaly.com/potpourri/fun-facts.asp Used for 4M http://fragmentssynapses.files.wordpress.com/2009/03/thermometer.jpg Used for thermometer picture http://stephaniedoes.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/01/easiestloaf.jpg Used for picture of bread http://jonjonsmith.files.wordpress.com/2009/06/mcshit.jpg Used for picture of cologne http://www.webweaver.nu/clipart/img/entertainment/music/baby-grand-piano.jpg Used for picture of piano http://www.thedailygreen.com/cm/thedailygreen/images/1-30days-pour-wine-lg-63555269.jpg Used for picture of wine

Use of Color in Toni Morrisons The Bluest Eye :: Bluest Eye Essays

Pauline saw the beauty of life through the colors of her childhood down South. Her fondest memories were of purple berries, yellow lemonade, and "that streak of green them june bugs made on the trees the night we left down home. All them colors was in me"1. Pauline and Cholly left the colors of the South when they moved North to Ohio to begin their life together. Through Cholly, Pauline hoped to find those colors of beauty that she left "down home". For a while she did find her colors, her beauty, in the eyes of Cholly. He released in her all the colors of life which were sealed down in her soul. Everything about their early married life was described in vivid colors. This was true even of her sexual experiences with him. Everything was fine, ordered and beautiful in both Pauline and Cholly's life until they moved "up North". Once they moved North everything changed. The colors went out of Pauline's life. "I missed my people. I weren't used to so much white folks...Northern colored folk was different too"2. Cholly only became "meaner and meaner and wanted to fight all of the time"2. He did not help the situation and contributed to his wife's dissatisfaction and disillusionment by not coming home. He found his satisfaction through other people, thus he neglected Pauline. To make up for this neglect and her own insecurities, Pauline sought comfort through movies. Here she would sit and watch the perfect "white" world of Hollywood. Here she would find her colors on the "silver screen". She had a longing for these colors which was going to affect her life and the lives of her family until it destroys them, especially Pecola. When Pecola was born, a major change occured in Pauline's life. According to Susan Willis, "Adjectives become substantives, giving taste and color and making it possible for colors to trickle and flow and finally be internalized..."3. She now wished to live her life like this, through the colors in herself. Right after Pecola was born Cholly again began to pay attention to Pauline again the way he used to when they lived down South. The only problem was that the colors had dimed in Pauline. By working for a white family, she found her order and her colors again but not with the intensity that she once did.